The Ultimate Solution for Example Outline for Research Paper You Can Find Out About Today

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The benefits of globalization outweigh its cost. How far...

The term globalization is defined as growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services, free international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. All definitions appear to agree that globalization has economic, political, cultural, and technological aspects that may be closely intertwined by the International Monetary Fund . Benefits is defined as advantage or profit and cost is defined as the effort or loss necessary to achieve something by the Oxford dictionary of Current English. We agree to a large extent to the statement, The benefits of globalization outweigh its cost. Even though there are some†¦show more content†¦Although many may not pay attention to this aspect, but nowadays, as the Earth is getting more and more polluted, people also start to pay more emphasis on protecting the Earth. Globalization have indeed improved communications and raised the awareness of everyone around the world. Contrastively, globalization itself has great damage to the environment. Due to developed countries going into developing countries to exploit their resources, the natural resources is depleting at a rapid speed, yet we are still not doing enough to stop it. As there are strict laws regarding the environment in developed countries, these companies turn their eyes onto developing countries whose environmental laws are more relaxed in comparison. As these developing countries also want to earn revenue and income that these companies bring, they open the door to them, but destroying Mother Earth at the same time. Thirdly, globalization has also effects on human socially, in their cultural and way of thinking. As countries always need to corporate with each other when they do some investment or business together, as neighbors engage in communication to determine their shared goals, and how they wish to live. Therefore globalization allows humanity to work together as a team towards noble goals rather than as individuals grasping to meet their own needs. Countries can bond to each others more closely. This way, interacting between different races and religion facilitates and we can understandShow MoreRelatedInternational Business5797 Words   |  24 PagesChapter 01 Globalization True / False Questions 1. (p. 4) The notion that national economies are relatively self-contained entities is on the rise. FALSE 2. (p. 4) For the last 50 years, the volume of goods, services and investment crossing national borders has consistently expanded faster than world output. TRUE 3. (p. 4) Today, the world economy is fast moving toward a world in which barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining. TRUE 4. (p. 6) The shift toward a more integratedRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesThis page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009Read MoreWal-Mart Internationalization15922 Words   |  64 Pagesrefer to Globalization. Globalization is about worldwide economic activity - about open markets, competition and the free flow of goods, services, capital and knowledge. It has made the world economy more efficient. As global companies enter local markets, local companies enter global ones. The resulting competition increases product quality, widens the range of available goods, and keeps prices low. Consumers everywhere are the big winners from the globalization process. Globalization actuallyRead MoreProject Management15109 Words   |  61 Pagesthe priority economic structure in the country providing thereby needs of communities; stated outputs were not achieved dignified way of life to a citizen as a unit and socio- or, if achieved, not sustained; target groups did not benefit in the manner intended; project costs escalated economic up liftment of the society. So most of the administrators are directly concerned with the program / project administration than other activities. The capability of administrative system to formulate and implementRead MoreEssay about Informations Management9347 Words   |  38 Pages Executive Summary The reports sets about assessing HA Logens current business operation both in the UK and India, this done by utilising three analysis tools, SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis and Porters Fiver Forces analysis. From the SWOT analysis the reports highlights several key points, which includes the potential of overseas sales in emerging economies and the benefits of having manufacturing faculties in India. The lack of developed e-commerce and the poor utilisation of information technologyRead MoreImplementation and Use of ERP Systems18074 Words   |  72 Pagesdecision making at ABC company Keywords and phrases in this document are: ABC (Activity based costing) IT (Information Technology) COTS (Commercial off the Shelf) MRP (Manufacturing Resource Planning) ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) CEMLI (Configurations/Customization, Extension, Modification, Localization, and Integration) XYZABC (Information Technology Centre) BU (Business Unit) ROI (Returns on investment), ROC (Returns on Customers) COGS (Cost of Goods Sold) SGA (Sales, General and Administrative)Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreImportance Of Relationship Marketing32123 Words   |  129 Pages This project report is being submitted as a part of the requirements of the MBA Program of Bangalore University. The project has been undertaken By: SHRIYA MEHROTRA Reg. No. 04VWCM 6117 With the guidance and support of Prof. Raja Sekhar Faculty: MBA [pic] ALLIANCE BUSINESS ACADEMY BANGALORE – 560 076 Batch: 2004-2006 Declaration I, Shriya Mehrotra, student of MBA 4th semester, studying at Alliance Business Academy, Bangalore do here by declare that this projectRead MoreBodie, Kane, Marcus Study Guide Essay40928 Words   |  164 Pagesand Issues CHAPTER ONE INVESTMENTS: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES CHAPTER OVERVIEW The purpose of this book is to a) help students in their own investing and b) pursue a career in the investments industry. To help accomplish these goals Part 1 of the text (Chapters 1through 4) introduces students to the different investment types, the markets in which the securities trade and to investment companies. In this chapter the student is introduced to the general concept of investing, which is to forego consumptionRead MoreTrends in Workplace17940 Words   |  72 PagesTrends in Workplace Learning: Supply and Demand in Interesting Times By Laurie Bassi, Scott Cheney, and Eleesha Lewis The ancient Chinese saying May you live in interesting times has perhaps never been more relevant. As the 1990s draw to a close and the new millennium fast approaches, life is phenomenally interesting--and demanding. Professionals who are responsible for workplace learning and performance improvement are squarely in the center of the swirl of exciting possibilities--and requirements--that

Management of Organizations Employees

Question: Discuss about theManagement of Organizationsfor Employees. Answer: E-learning Activities Activity 2 Definition of Culture Organization culture is defined as the activities of the company of doing business by considering the perspectives of the employees. Organization culture is defined as the product of compensation. In the article, there are many definitions of organization culture that are defined by many personnel who are associated in the perspective of organization culture. It can be said that since culture is defined as the perspective of the different types of employees associated with it (OReilly III et al., 2014). It is a culture that are formulated by the organization itself with the different kinds of consents of the employees. The employees must put into consideration of the different perspectives of the country culture along with the company culture. It is defined as the meaning of the rituals and cultural aspects that the people of the region follow. Organization culture is shaped by the society culture and the local culture of the region. Apart from that, it can be said that the aspect of cross-culture is important for the multinational companies in order to get an added benefit regarding the terms of innovation in the organizational perspective. The leaders of the organization is responsible for maintaining a balance between the organizational culture and the local culture of the society i.e. the area of the business operations of the company (Hogan Coote, 2014). Among all the definitions of culture, the definition of Abdi Osman Jama regarding organizational culture is appropriate. According to him, organization cultures are living culture. It has the adaptability that is responsible for accepting the change as soon as possible. Culture is a dynamic element. It shifts constantly and incrementally while responding to internal and external changes (Watkins, 2017). The organizational culture always manages to get a shift in the change process. It should always incorporate learning and developing. A perfect destination should never be reached unless the organization undergoes change in the few aspects. Organizational culture is a complicated aspect that consists of reality of the society as well as employee perspective (Nica, 2013). Activity 4 Toyotas Corporate Culture and the Problem of Spreading its Culture In terms of production system, Toyota is considered as the one of the top car manufacturing company in the world. The company is aiming in incorporating high corporate culture along with inculcation of the company through its management style. The production system of the company that requires management is required to have participation of employees in the organization (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). A strong emphasis is necessary for building strong corporate culture in the organizational perspective. Toyota is the company that always seeks for the opportunity in various markets of the world. It is the reason of undertaking the culture of that country in the business operation. The same cultural perspective of MITs seven spear model at Toyotas organizational level. It can be pointed out that the company is a core Japanese company that follows the American culture in the different subsidiaries of the company. Toyota is known for its innovative organization culture that is focused on the employees of the organization (Jenkins, Ford Green, 2013). The seven corporate culture of the organization are discussed in the following: Individual initiative: The different levels of management of the company along with the employees are provided with individual authorities who are responsible for making an individual approach in the decision making process. It is the reason of formation of a unique culture in the company with the overview of every employee. Innovation and risk taker: Toyota is known for implementation of innovation techniques at every step in the process of engineering, designing and manufacturing cars. Team work: Toyota as a whole is the supporter of team work that always encourage every employees to work in a group. The management of the company gives recognition to the employees who worked excellent in maintaining group dynamics and group cohesiveness (Glynn Navis, 2013). People oriented: Japanese companies are usually people oriented. Toyota also falls in same category. The company is noted for rewarding their employees in order to motivate them in their field of work. Shared values: Toyota believes in the shared values while providing opportunities to people who are highly innovative and known for delivering quality work. Aggressive: The company maintains aggressive form of decision making process while putting consideration of the competition in market in the areas of their business operations. Communitarians: Toyota also supports the theory of communitarians apart from the concept of individualism in its subsidiaries. It is the reason of providing various approaches of innovation at its core business levels (Guiso, Sapienza Zingales, 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded that the organizational culture is always ever changing. Both multinational and domestic organizations must adapt the reality of the competitive business world in order to sustain in the business world. It is described as a living culture. Apart from that, the definition of organization culture describe it as a dynamic in nature. In terms of the corporate culture followed in the organizational level of the company, it can be said that the Japanese company is known for its adaptability in adapting different positive aspects of the culture of its business operations. The success of Toyota depends a lot on the practice of a strong organization culture in the organizational perspective. References Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Glynn, M. A., Navis, C. (2013). Categories, identities, and cultural classification: Moving beyond a model of categorical constraint.Journal of Management Studies,50(6), 1124-1137. Guiso, L., Sapienza, P., Zingales, L. (2015). The value of corporate culture.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), 60-76. Hogan, S. J., Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1609-1621. Jenkins, H., Ford, S., Green, J. (2013).Spreadable media: Creating value and meaning in a networked culture. NYU press. Nica, E. (2013). Organizational culture in the public sector.Economics, Management, and Financial Markets,8(2), 179-184. OReilly III, C. A., Caldwell, D. F., Chatman, J. A., Doerr, B. (2014). The promise and problems of organizational culture: CEO personality, culture, and firm performance.Group Organization Management,39(6), 595-625. Watkins, M. (2017).What Is Organizational Culture? And Why Should We Care?.Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 3 May 2017, from https://hbr.org/2013/05/what-is-organizational-culture

Leisure and Alex Case free essay sample

As the topics of sports, hobbies and free time are easy ones that tie in with IELTS Speaking Part One and students like speaking about, they are well worth practising again and again. Below are 101 IELTS Speaking Part Two tasks on these topics, arranged A – Z by topic, key word or grammar point so that you can quickly find a suitable one to fit in with the topic of your class or the interests of your students. Where there are two similar tasks under two different headings, or the tasks here are similar to the separate â€Å"101 IELTS Speaking Part Two topic cards that tie in with Part One† worksheets, the wording and/ or sub questions have been changed. These similar ones can also be used in the same class as additional practice to make sure students answer exactly the question that is given. 62 Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 IELTS Speaking Part Two topic cards about Sports, hobbies and free time A-Z A Activity- see also â€Å"Favourite† and â€Å"Future† Describe an activity you like doing. We will write a custom essay sample on Leisure and Alex Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You should say: Where you do it Who you do it with Why you enjoy it And say what kind of people you would recommend that activity to, and why Apartment- see â€Å"Home/ house† B Board game- see â€Å"Game† Book- see also â€Å"Favourite† Talk about a book you have read in the last year You should say: Why you decided to read that book How long you it took you to finish it What genre of book it was And say if you would like to read something else by the same author or not, and why Talk about a book you have never read but would like to in the future. You should mention: Why you would like to read it Why you have never read it before What you think it will be like And say how you think it will compare to other books you have read Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 Talk about a book that impressed you. You should say: What it was about Why it impressed you If any other books have impressed you the same way And say what kind of person you would recommend that book to, and why Talk about a book you have at home. You should mention: What it looks like What the topic of the book is Where you got the book from And say how it compares to other books you have read or know about Brother or sister Talk about a hobby that a brother or sister, or other relative, likes. You should mention: Where and when they do that hobby How long they have been doing it If you have ever done it with them And say if you think that is a good hobby or not, and why. C Cards/ card games- see â€Å"Game† Child- see also â€Å"Game† and â€Å"Sports† Talk about a hobby you were interested in when you were a child: You should say: How you first became interested in it How long you did it for Why you enjoyed it And say if you became more or less interested in that hobby as you got older, and why Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 Cinema- see â€Å"Film† Computer- see also â€Å"Game† Talk about something you can do on a computer that you think is enjoyable. You should mention: What equipment or software you need to do that What you need to do to do it What kind of people it is popular with And say if you would like to spend more time doing that or not, and why Collect/ collection Talk about something you or someone you know collects. You should say: How many pieces there is in the collection How the collection is stored How quickly the collection is growing And say what kind of person would enjoy collecting that thing, and why Compare- see â€Å"Book†, â€Å"Days off†, â€Å"Holidays† Comic- see â€Å"Favourite† Cook Talk about a dish you know how to cook. You should describe: What the ingredients are How it is cooked Other preparation you have to do And say if you think this is an easy dish to cook or not, and why Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 D Days off Describe a place where you often go on your days off You should say: Where it is Who you go with Why you go there And say how it compares to other places where you could spend your free time Talk about what you are going to do or will probably do on your next day off. You should include in your answer: Where you will go Who you will meet How long you will spend at each place And say if you think you will enjoy that day or not, and why Dish- see â€Å"Cook† E Eat- see â€Å"Favourite† Evening Describe something you often do in the evening. You should say: When you usually do it Where you usually do it Who you usually do it with And say if you enjoy doing it or not, and why Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 Describe something you like doing in the evening. You should say: How it makes you feel How often you do it How long you spend doing it And say if you think most people would enjoy doing the same thing or not, and why Exciting/ excited Describe something you think is exciting. You should say: Why it makes you excited If it is always exciting What other feelings that thing can give people And say how it compares to other things that people usually find exciting Talk about something that makes you excited. You should include: How often you do that thing Where you do it Who you do it with And say if other people who do the same thing feel exactly the same way or not, and why Exercise Give a presentation about something you think is a good way of doing exercise. You should include in your answer: What equipment is needed Where people usually do this form of exercise What they usually wear And say if you think this form of exercise is getting more or less popular, and why Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 Talk about a form of exercise you used to do but no longer do now. You should say: Where you used to do it Who you used to do it with -Why you stopped And say if you would like to restart that sport or not, and why F Family Talk about something you often do or used to do in your free time with your family. You should say: Why you often did that Who suggested doing it Who enjoyed it most And say if you would like to do the same thing with your own children or not, and why Talk about a hobby someone in your family has. You should say: Whose hobby it is Where and when they do it Why they enjoy it And say if you would enjoy doing the same thing or not, and why Favourite Describe your favourite film. You should say: What the film is about Who the main characters are What the ending is And explain why it is your favourite film. Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 Describe your favourite place to eat out. You should include in your answer: Where it is What kind of food is served What the dà ©cor is like And say what kind of people you think would enjoy that restaurant, and why Describe your favourite song or piece of music. You should say: What kind of music it is Where you usually listen to it Why you like it And say what kind of mood this music puts you in, and why Give a short presentation about your favourite place to spend your free time. Points to include: Where it is How to get there from the place you live What you do there And say how you would improve that place if you could Speak for one or two minutes about your favourite book You should include in your presentation: What the story is about Who the main characters are How the story ends And say if you think your friends would enjoy this book or not, and why Give a one or two minute presentation about your favourite sport. You should say: What equipment is used Where it is usually played How it is played And say if you think it is an easy sport to understand or not, and why Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 Speak about your favourite magazine, newspaper or comic. You should include in your answer: Where you usually buy it What parts of it you most enjoy reading Where you usually read it And say how it compares to other things you read Talk about your favourite news source. You should say: How often you use this news source Why you use this source What other sources you use And say how you would change that news source if you could. Describe your favourite free time activity. You should mention: Where you do it Who you do it with Why you enjoy it And say if you think your favourite free time activities will change as you get older or not, and why Film- see also â€Å"Favourite†, â€Å"Impressed† Describe a film you have seen which you remember well. You should say: What sort of film it is When and where you saw it What your favourite part of the film was And explain why you remember it well Describe a film you have never seen but would like to see. You should mention: What kind of film it is What it is about Where the story is set And explain why you would like to see that film Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 Give a short presentation about a film you have seen recently at the cinema, on TV, or on video or DVD. You should include in your answer: Where and when you saw it Who you saw it with What you thought about it And say if you would recommend that film or not, and why Food- see â€Å"Favourite† and â€Å"Cook† Free Speak about something that is free or cheap you like doing in your free time. You should say: How often you do it When you first started doing this Why you do it And say if you think this thing is as enjoyable as things you do which are more expensive or not, and why Free time- see most of the sections above and below Future- see also â€Å"Holidays†, â€Å"Days off†, â€Å"Would like† Talk about a book you have never read but would like to read in the future. You should mention: If it is well known or not Why you would like to read that book Why you have never read it before And say how you think it will compare to other books you have already read Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 Talk about a new sport or hobby you would like to take up You should say: Why you are interested in that thing If it is an easy or hard thing to start What the best way to start doing it is And say if you think you will start doing it soon or not, and why Talk about a sport that interests you but you have never tried. You should say: Where it is usually played What kinds of people usually play it Why it interests you And say if you think you will ever do this sport or not, and why Talk about a musical instrument you would like to be able to play but have never tried. You should say: What the instrument looks like What it sounds like What kinds of people it is popular with And say if you think you will ever try to play that instrument or not, and why Give a short presentation about a movie that you have never seen but would like to see. You should say: What kind of movie it is How famous it is Why you want to see it And say if you think you will see that movie in the near future or not, and why Describe a free time activity you like doing. You should say: Where you do it Who you do it with Why you enjoy it And say if you think the things you do in your free time will change as you get older or not, and why Written by Alex Case for UsingEnglish.com  © 2008 G Game Talk about a board game, card game or computer game you have played. You should include: What kind of game it is How many people can play How the winner is decided And say if you think your whole family would enjoy playing that game together or not, and why Talk about a game you used to play when you were a child. You should say: How often you used to play it Who you used to play it with How you used to feel when you played it And say if you think children nowadays would enjoy that game or not, and why H Health/ healthy Speak about something you or someone you know does that is a good thing to do for your health. You should talk about: How it is good for your health If there are any possible negative effects How popular this thing is And say if you think this thing will become more or less popular in the future, or why Speak about something you would like to do to improve your health. You should mention: Why it is healthy Why you want to do it How popular that thing is And then say if you think you will do that soon or not, and why

WEBER Surname Meaning and Family History

WEBER Surname Meaning and Family History Weber is an occupational surname given to one skilled in the ancient craft of weaving, from the from the Middle High German word wà «ber,  a derivative of weben, meaning to weave.  The Weber surname is sometimes Anglicized as Webber or Weaver. Weber is the 6th most common German surname. It is also frequently found as a  Czech, Hungarian, Polish or  Slovenian surname.  WEBB and  WEAVER are English variants of the name. Surname Origin: German Alternate Surname Spellings:  WEEBER, WEBBER, WEBERE, WEBERER, WAEBER, WEYBER, WEBERN, VON WEBER, VON WEBBER Famous People with the WEBER  Surname Max Weber  -  19th-century German sociologist and one of the founders of modern sociologyCarl Maria von Webber -  German composer, conductor, pianist and  guitaristConstanze Weber - wife of Wolfgang Amadeus MozartAlfred Weber - German economist, geographer and sociologistJohn Henry Weber - American fur trader and explorerJoseph Weber - American physicistLudwig Weber -  German Protestant pastor and social reformer- German-born physician, best known for first describing the brain condition which carries his name (Webers syndrome) Where is the WEBER Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, WEBER is the 3rd most common surname in Germany. It is also very common in Switzerland, where it ranks 7th, and Austria, where it is the 19th most prevalent last name. While Weber is common throughout Germany, WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates it is most frequent in southwestern Germany, in the regions of Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland and Hessen. Weber is also a very common surname in Gussing, Austria.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname WEBER Meanings of Common German SurnamesUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames. Weber  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Weber  family crest or coat of arms for the Weber surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Weber Y-Chromosome DNA  Surname ProjectWEBERs from all over the world are participating in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Weber family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. WEBER  Family Genealogy ForumFree message board is focused on descendants of Weber  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - WEBER  GenealogyExplore over 5 million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Weber  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. WEBER  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Weber  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - WEBER  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Weber. GeneaNet - Weber  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Weber  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Weber Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Weber  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Compare Nationalism in China and Japan

Compare Nationalism in China and Japan The period between 1750 and 1914 was pivotal in world history, and particularly in East Asia. China had long been the only superpower in the region, secure in the knowledge that it was the Middle Kingdom around which the rest of the world pivoted. Japan, cushioned by stormy seas, held itself apart from its Asian neighbors much of the time  and had developed a unique and inward-looking culture. Beginning in the 18th century, however, both Qing China and Tokugawa Japan faced a new threat: imperial expansion by the European powers and later the United States. Both countries responded with growing nationalism, but their versions of nationalism had different focuses and outcomes. Japans nationalism was aggressive and expansionist, allowing Japan itself to become one of the imperial powers in an astonishingly short amount of time. Chinas nationalism, in contrast, was reactive and disorganized, leaving the country in chaos and at the mercy of foreign powers until 1949. Chinese Nationalism In the 1700s, foreign traders from Portugal, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, and other countries sought to trade with China, which was the source of fabulous luxury products like silk, porcelain, and tea. China allowed them only in the port of Canton  and severely restricted their movements there. The foreign powers wanted access to Chinas other ports and to its interior. The First and Second Opium Wars (1839-42 and 1856-60) between China and Britain ended in humiliating defeat for China, which had to agree to give foreign traders, diplomats, soldiers, and missionaries access rights. As a result, China fell under economic imperialism, with different western powers carving out spheres of influence in Chinese territory along the coast. It was a shocking reversal for the Middle Kingdom. The people of China blamed their rulers, the Qing emperors, for this humiliation, and called for the expulsion of all foreigners - including the Qing, who were not Chinese but ethnic Manchus from Manchuria. This groundswell of nationalist and anti-foreigner feeling led to the Taiping Rebellion (1850-64). The charismatic leader of the Taiping Rebellion, Hong Xiuquan, called for the ouster of the Qing Dynasty, which had proved itself incapable of defending China and getting rid of the opium trade. Although the Taiping Rebellion did not succeed, it did severely weaken the Qing government. The nationalist feeling continued to grow in China after the Taiping Rebellion was put down. Foreign Christian missionaries fanned out in the countryside, converting some Chinese to Catholicism or Protestantism, and threatening traditional Buddhist and Confucian beliefs. The Qing government raised taxes on ordinary people to fund half-hearted military modernization, and pay war indemnities to the western powers after the Opium Wars. In 1894-95, the people of China suffered another shocking blow to their sense of national pride. Japan, which had at times been a tributary state of Chinas in the past, defeated the Middle Kingdom in the First Sino-Japanese War  and took control of Korea. Now China was being humiliated not only by the Europeans and Americans  but also by one of their nearest neighbors, traditionally a subordinate power. Japan also imposed war indemnities  and occupied the Qing emperors homeland of Manchuria. As a result, the people of China rose up in anti-foreigner fury once more in 1899-1900. The Boxer Rebellion began as equally anti-European and anti-Qing, but soon the people and the Chinese government joined forces to oppose the imperial powers. An eight-nation coalition of the British, French, Germans, Austrians, Russians, Americans, Italians, and Japanese defeated both the Boxer Rebels and the Qing Army, driving Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu out of Beijing. Although they clung to power for another decade, this was really the end of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty fell in 1911, the Last Emperor Puyi abdicated the throne, and a Nationalist government under Sun Yat-sen took over. However, that government did not last long, and China slipped into a decades-long civil war between the nationalists and the communists that only ended in 1949 when Mao Zedong and the Communist Party prevailed. Japanese Nationalism For 250 years, Japan existed in quiet and peace under the Tokugawa Shoguns (1603-1853). The famed samurai warriors were reduced to working as bureaucrats and writing wistful poetry  because there were no wars to fight. The only foreigners allowed in Japan were a handful of Chinese and Dutch traders, who were confined to an island in Nagasaki Bay. In 1853, however, this peace was shattered when a squadron of American steam-powered warships under Commodore Matthew Perry showed up in Edo Bay (now Tokyo Bay) and demanded the right to refuel in Japan. Just like China, Japan had to allow foreigners in, sign unequal treaties with them, and allow them extraterritorial rights on Japanese soil. Also like China, this development sparked anti-foreign and nationalist feelings in the Japanese people and caused the government to fall. However, unlike China, the leaders of Japan took this opportunity to thoroughly reform their country. They quickly turned it from an imperial victim to an aggressive imperial power in its own right. With Chinas recent Opium War humiliation as a warning, the Japanese started with a complete overhaul of their government and social system. Paradoxically, this modernization drive centered around the Meiji Emperor, from an imperial family that had ruled the country for 2,500 years. For centuries, however, the emperors had been figureheads, while the shoguns wielded actual power. In 1868, the Tokugawa Shogunate was abolished and the emperor took the reins of government in the Meiji Restoration. Japans new constitution also did away with the feudal social classes, made all of the samurai and daimyo into commoners, established a modern conscript military, required basic elementary education for all boys and girls, and encouraged the development of heavy industry. The new government convinced the people of Japan to accept these sudden and radical changes by appealing to their sense of nationalism; Japan refused to bow to the Europeans, they would prove that Japan was a great, modern power, and Japan would rise to be the Big Brother of all of the colonized and down-trodden peoples of Asia. In the space of a single generation, Japan became a major industrial power with a well-disciplined modern army and navy. This new Japan shocked the world in 1895 when it defeated China in the First Sino-Japanese War. That was nothing, however, compared to the complete panic that erupted in Europe when Japan beat Russia (a European power!) in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05. Naturally, these amazing David-and-Goliath victories fueled further nationalism, leading some of the people of Japan to believe that they were inherently superior to other nations. While nationalism helped to fuel Japans incredibly quick development into a major industrialized nation and an imperial power  and helped it fend off the western powers, it certainly had a dark side as well. For some Japanese intellectuals and military leaders, nationalism developed into fascism, similar to what was happening in the newly-unified European powers of Germany and Italy. This hateful and genocidal ultra-nationalism led Japan down the road to military overreach, war crimes, and eventual defeat in World War II.

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Research Paper

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation - Research Paper Example The last program evidently receives the most attention in terms of payment for grants, as in 2007 it reached $1.22 billion and accounted for 61% of all donations (Gates Foundation, Annual report, 2007). Additionally, the Gates Foundation works to improve economic conditions around the world through agricultural developments, financial services, and technology services. In the United States, the Gates Foundation focuses on community grants in the Northwest, technology services in libraries, and education across the country (Hill, 2006). From the critical perspective, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation represents the modern ideal of giving and philanthropy, of what Payton and Moody eloquently described as "[it] is about ideas and values as well as about actionis always an effort to blend the idea and the practical" (Payton and Moody, 4). In 2000, the leadership of the Gates Foundation Education Division was committed to being the most publicly scrutinized philanthropy in American history. The main philanthropic goal of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Education Program is to increase significantly the number of low-income minority students who graduate high school with academic skills needed for success in post secondary education and in the workplace (Smerdon and Means, 1). In February of 2005, Bill Gates spoke at a governor's conference in Washington, DC regarding the condition of American high schools (Hess, 2005). The 45 governors in attendance listened as Bill Gates declared America's high schools obsolete. He elaborated by saying, "By obsolete, I mean that our high schools - even when they're working exactly as designed - cannot teach our kids what they need to know today" (Rhodes et al, 7). Additionally, Gates reviewed some troubling evidence to support his comments regarding the lack of success in Ame rican high schools. Gates made his point with the nation's governors by stating that only 71% of students graduated high school in 2002, and only 34% were minimally prepared for college (Rhodes et al, 7). In addition to improving American high school system, the Gates Foundation actively seeks to change public policy regarding American schools, which include implementation of transparency in school finance, multiple independent school providers, and performance-based accountability (Hill, 2006). The Foundation's commitment to increasing the number of smaller, personalized high schools, and a knowledge base for success in these schools, has led to the National School District and Network Grants Program. This program is taking a twopronged approach with regard to grantee organizations: (a) grantee organizations are developing new, smaller high schools; and (b) grantee organizations are converting larger high schools into smaller learning communities. As a part of the new high school initiative, the foundation provides grants for Early College High Schools (ECHSs) (Smerdon and Means, 1). The Early College High School Initiative focuses specifically on increased academic rigor through blending high school and college education (Smerdon and Means, 1). The ECHSs are purposefully designed to provide students with a high school diploma and an associate's degree, or 2 years of

The Approach of Interpretive Anthropology Research Paper

The Approach of Interpretive Anthropology - Research Paper Example It is a viewpoint that was created by Clifford Geertz as a reaction to the traditional objectivize  ethnographic position that dominated anthropology at the time, as well as calls for epistemology and writing methodologies that enable anthropologists to interpret cultures through understanding the manner in which people in a culture interpret themselves and their personal experiences. Geertz proposed that culture is a complicated collection of texts that constitute various meanings, with the meanings being comprehended by the actors and are consequently construed by anthropologists in a manner in which sections of a text are understood by literacy detractors. This is done through integrating into the analysis the contexts of the attendant, which provide the possibility of meaning for all the people involved in the interpreting. Geertz was against the widespread ethnographic practices of observations and instead supported active integration of the anthropologists in an ethnographic context. In this manner, interpretive anthropology considered Malinowski’s claims of disconnected and impartial observation that had been the approach to anthropology up to the sixties and in a remarkable twist returned ethnographic practices to the German epistemological genealogy that had been recognized by Franz Boas. Therefore, in disapproval of the standpoint taken by Malinowski in the way he describes sexual activities among the savages, Geertz suggested Boasian deep involvement in the cultural activity. Even though it is intellectually connected to the anthropology of experience suggested by Victor Turner, cognitive anthropology that was established by Steven Tyler along with symbolic anthropology by David Schneider, interpretive anthropology addressed the intellectual developments outside the context of anthropology that took part in figurations through which local structures if meaning were analyzed anthropologically.

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Essay Example for Free

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Essay Patient confidentiality is essential in developing a trusting relationship between a healthcare worker and the patient. Confidentiality means that the patients personal and medical information that is given to a health care provider will not be disclosed to others unless the patient has given permission for the information to be released (Confidentiality, 2014). There are situations where a breach of confidentiality may occur and is acceptable. These situations include information when an individual has been diagnosed with a specific disease, such as Tuberculosis or an injury, such as a gunshot wound. Other situations may be when there is evidence that the patient may cause harm to himself or others. The nursing profession is one that promises to abide by the laws of patient confidentiality. Protecting the patients’ rights is guaranteed by both common law-which is the decisions of the courts, and statute law-which is passed by Parliament (O’Dowd, 2014). This commitment to the patient helps preserve high quality care for that patient, as disclosing important information between the patient and nurse, is essential for the patient to receive the appropriate medical care. Patients put their trust into the nurse, as they expect the nurse to respect their privacy, when that trust is broken, the relationship between the nurse and patient declines. Losing the trust is one of the ethical implications that may occur when a breach of confidentiality occurs. Other ethical implications that can occur are disciplinary action by the employer, disciplinary proceedings under the health professionals regulatory statute, and a fine may be imposed (Patient Confidentiality, n. d. ). Pamela G. Nathanson wrote an article in reference to an episode of NBC’s ER which reveals an ER nurse who faces an ethical dilemma in regards to patient confidentiality. The ER nurse has made a promise to two fourteen year old girls that she will not disclose any medical information to their parents. The girls trust the nurse that she will keep her promise; therefore, they disclose their personal concerns. One of the girls test positive for a serious medical condition, at this point, the ER nurse has reached an ethical dilemma. She needs to make an ethical decision as to whether or not she should disclose the information to the young girls’ parents. In this situation, the ER nurse has made the appropriate decision to have a breach of confidentiality and inform the young girls’ parents of their daughters’ medical condition. In understanding ethical theories and/or ethical principles, this has assisted the ER nurse in making the correct decision. Ethical theories and principles guide individuals in making decisions. When using ethical theories to determine an appropriate decision, the theory must be directed towards a common set of goals, which are ethical principles (Rainbow, 2002). The ER nurses’ goal is to ensure that the young girl receives the appropriate medical treatment for her condition. Ethical principles that can relate to this situation are beneficence, which is to do what is good and least harm, which is to do the least harm to an individual. In looking at ethical theories, using Deontology and Utilitarianism is useful in that Deontology relates to the nurses obligations and duties to disclose the information and Utilitarianism relates to being able to foresee the consequences of actions if the information is not disclosed. A utilitarian looks at what is the greatest benefit for that individual (Rainbow, 2002). When an individual is confronted with an ethical dilemma, using an ethical-decision making model is useful. This type of model assists in breaking down all the facts and individuals’ involved in the dilemma and helps to develop possible alternatives to address the dilemma. It guides ones’ decision making from an objective, cognitive perspective, rather than an emotional perspective (GCU, 2014). In the article discussed, the ER nurse can incorporate an ethical-decision making model to make the most appropriate decision. First is to address who is involved and what the actual dilemma entails and identify the ethical dilemma. Next, she can look at the situation at hand and determine how her own personal values see this issue and determine what alternatives can be used to help resolve the dilemma. Once the alternative actions are decided upon, the ER nurse can look at each one and decide if they conflict with her own personal values. If so, she may need to get another health care provider involved to eliminate any biases. In the article, the nurse is advised by the physician that the girls’ parents need to be informed; therefore, guiding her into making the appropriate decision. The next step is to prioritize the acceptable alternatives from most acceptable to least acceptable. The alternatives in the articles dilemma can be 1). The young girl informing her parents herself. The implication with this alternative is that most likely she will not inform her parents. 2). The nurse informing the parents of their daughters medical condition. The implication here is that the patient will not feel she can trust the nurse; however, by choosing this alternative, the decision is in the best interest of the child and 3). Not disclosing information at all. The implications here is that the minor child will not receive the appropriate care needed which will cause further harm. The significance in using this model is to ensure that the appropriate ethical decision is made. Ethics committees are available as well to assist and guide when ethical dilemmas occur. In regards to the article, an ethical committee can discuss the alternatives and make recommendations, still keeping in line with the patients’ rights. These committees focus on issues of morality, patient autonomy, legislation, and states’ interest. They have a significant influence on decision making and the power to influence a judge or jury (GCU, 2014). Ethical dilemmas will always be in a health care professionals’ daily work. Using ethical theories and principles will guide health care professionals in making the most appropriate ethical decision. Following these theories and principles will ensure that the patient is receiving the best quality care that they deserve. References

The Glass House :: essays research papers

Divorce is becoming more acceptable and normal. This is a problem and divorce should be decreased. All couples should be required to attend marriage counseliong before they are married. Couples attending marriage counseling could decrease this problem. Divorce then may stop becoming such a problem, and only happen when absolutely necessary after other steps have been taken and failed. Divorce means different things to different people, It can be defined as spousal separations, parental separation, or even separated families. Many different things can cause divorce. Some of theses causes may be financial issues, religious beliefs, sexual issues, educationl background, or even bad habits. Theses are just a few causes and definitions of divorce. Divorce affects all different types of people in different way. It can occur in any family, no matter what the background is. When divorce does occur, it effects everyone involved. Children are torn between parents, They often grow up with unresolved issues and tension toward their parents. Many children of divorced parents grow up thinking that divorce is acceptable and use it asa way out of any marital problems. Spouse are also affected by divorce. Some become vert depressed, and others may even try to kill themselves. Many spouses are shocked when a divorce is finalized and they do no tknow how to go on without the other "half". It is almost like a devastated spouse is in mourning. On the other side the spouse that asked for the divorce also may feel heartache. Yet relief comes in knowing that he or she will not have to put up with the othe spouse. This person may still remeber those happy times the couple had, but he or she has gained some freedom. Some people do praise divorce and would completely disagree with this discussion. They are the one that make a living off of divorce. These people have industrialized divorce. So, of course, those people that make their living off divorce see nothing wrong with two kids bouncing between parents and even a ex husband trying to kill himself after twety years of marriage. Those that agree with divorce want it to become normal. They are the people that want it to be used as a way to end all marital disagrements.

Pros and Cons of India’s vote in the US sponsored UNHRC Resolution against Sri Lanka.

India finally has taken a stand and voted for the US sponsored resolution at the United Nations top Human Rights Body (UNHRC). Every decision taken has its own value. So let us take a look at the Pros and Cons of India’s vote in the UNHRC Resolution against Sri Lanka along with some viable alternatives. The important positive aspect of the voting in favour of the resolution is that, the Government of India has finally proved that India stands alongside the Sri Lankan Tamils and they will be ‘there’ for the benefit of the people. It is a welcome stand by the Government, even though it happened after a tough political lobbying between the regional parties of Tamil Nadu. It also shows that India acts in its own show its commitment to shun violence against the unarmed civilians and for their rehabilitation. As the whole Tamil Community people were looking forward for India to act, the GoI (Government of India) did the right thing to garner their support. It may also put an end to the Zigzag diplomacy followed by the Rajapaksha’s Government (Giving a Commitment when Foreign minister of India reaches in Sri Lanka due to pressure from the Tamil Nadu politicians and when he boards the flight, commitment will be in dustbin). May be there is a minute possibility of taking Rajapaksha’s Government to the ICC (International Criminal Court) for the war crime. But what is the resolution in the UNHRC really intends to do to the Sri Lankan Government. To be frank it achieves nothing, rather it HUMILIATES Sri Lanka in the World Political Scenario. The Humiliation is thought to do wonders in the country, which has been proven wrong many a number of times (There are more than 200 resolutions passed against Israel for its action against Palestine, though no solution have been found). The resolution draft which has not been released officially by the UNHRC, is intended to contain only recommending the Government to act according to the Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission (LLRC), with the coordination and active support of the member States of the UNHRC (affecting the sovereignty of the country, like eg: USA dictating India how to control Naxalism and monitoring every move made by the State forces). As India had voted in favour of the US sponsored UNHRC resolution, the whole geographical hegemony is shifting underneath India. With this vote GoI has deliberately distanced itself from Sri Lanka in the International Scenario, since Sri Lanka has always been toeing India in all major International organization, this action might ignite their passion to pursue their own interest or lean towards the ever growing Dragon Warrior (China). A mutual distrust will be created between the GoI and the Government of Sri Lanka (Even though the severity of the resolution has been diluted with active intervention of India). The Big Brother attitude of India in the South Asian region journeys in the downward swirl. India had always maintained a stature of Non Aligned Country and look to avoid any involvement in the internal affairs of other countries, but this voting pattern has severely dented that image which was carved and niched by Foreign Affairs expert Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. It leads to the questioning of the India’s commitment to the NAM (Non Aligned Movement), SAARC and other regional organizations, who look upon India as a key player in the region. China has been provided with a golden opportunity to strengthen its â€Å"String of Pearls† strategy in Sri Lanka (eg: Habantota port developed by Chinese firms) (encircling India on all the sides diplomatically and strategically). The other important aspect is that the Tamilans in the Sri Lanka are now being portrayed as Enemy of the State (due to the humiliation of the country in the world arena) by the Sinhalese people, which will lead to the increase in the rift between the various communities, rather than improving their co existence and starting of the reconstruction of the nation. Even though India had taken a stand in the issue, GoI must actively participate in the rehabilitation of the Sri Lankan Tamil People with a â€Å"Solution oriented approach†. India has already provided a helping hand in the clearing of the Land mines in the Battle field, along with the building of the houses for the Tamil People. Infrastructure development projects (railways) are being mooted in the war torn areas (Even though the essential supplies sent from India is being rotten in the godowns in Sri Lanka). India must make a dedicated approach towards the Tamil Eelam issue, rather than succumbing to the pressures of the regional parties. Since India is a heavyweight in SAARC and NAM, diplomatic channels can be opened in coherence with these regional organizations to look into the rehabilitation of Tamil people in the Tamil Eelam region. It will provide a more conducive environment to the Government of Sri Lanka & the people, rather than being dictated by the high handedness of the Police of the World (USA). People are the pillars of the democracy, so the people to people contact between the various communities in Sri Lanka must be encouraged. Rajapaksha’s government must give in to the demand of the 13th amendment plus plea. This would provide the suitable platform for bringing in a federal structure in the country (dissolution of the power to the Chief Ministers as in the case of India), which is in the best interest of all the stakeholders or communities. Effective steps must be taken against the offenders who were responsible for the atrocities, set loose upon the unarmed civilians and they must be punished according to the rule of law. The one question which will always linger in the mooting of the resolution is the active role played by the USA, which dramatizes them as the champion of the Human Rights (Literally). The answer will be real simple that Uncle Sam was unable to place a firm foot in the Island nation, while the Government of Sri Lanka were fostering and nurturing their relations with countries which have been hostile with USA (Cuba, Venezuela, Iran, etc). This prompted USA to bring the Island nation to bring in order along with its favour, which has severely backfired the USA policy (the strong anti – American mood within the people). This incident outlines the incompetence in assuring that India would become a world power in the near future. If the Human Rights violation in the Sri Lanka had been taken seriously by the Government of India and intended to take action against the lax nature of the action proceeding against the offenders, GoI should have sponsored the resolution rather than backing a resolution which is sponsored by a nation which is totally alien to the Island nation, the responsibility holds up on the shoulders of India due to its geographical, ethnical, cultural and economic proximity to the country. War, would always leave a undeniable scare in the mind of the people along with the sorrows and despair, the Citizens of Sri Lankan have long been made the pawns due to the bad decision making at the time of Independence in the Island nation. Time is always a good healer. The War now over, the hatred sowed in the minds of the different communities must be weeded out and a mutual trust must be incorporated in the minds of the people, with whatever solution available. The International community must look in to the long term prospect of the building the nation to its zenith rather than involving in petty politics and gaining fame. Government of Sri Lanka must aptly remember that â€Å"United is Strength, Divided is to Fail†. Therefore the State must take any possible measure to unite the various communities in the country, even when it is to compromise on some basic ideals. Since ultimately it is for the people the Government is formed as â€Å"Democracy†.

Thomas Hardy’s View on Time

In hardy's poems time is not constant or limited by a forward direction of time passing nor the vertical view of time. time is a landscape or location upon which we view the different vantage points and aspects of it, and consequently he has given locations the characteristics of time. The journey through locations is constant and forward moving but as in time you can access memories but revisiting them in your mind, or in hardy's sense, by revisiting the location. ou are not locked in time as you are in reality, hardy rewinds time as he chooses and sees what he saw at any period in his life but only when at the location. This comes through in â€Å"after a journey† when hardy revisits a cave and the echo from his previous visit their still remained, as if no time had passed, â€Å"and the cave just under, with a voice still so hollow that it seems to call out to me from forty years ago† Hardy's subconscious is so active that by revisiting a place, any memories from the re reawaken and occupy the scene.In the first stanza of ‘where the picnic was' we are in hardy's memory at the early stages of assumedly Emma and hardy's marriage, when the ‘fire' was still young and strong in their relationship. Hardy is describing a place they went in the summer time. towards the end of the stanza we are indicated that there has been a change and time is allowed to show what is in front of him then juxtaposition is introduced and we are rapidly in this new, dull and derelict scene but the location has not changed.The time jump shows where hardy really is in his life journey. Reminding him that can although he can see all these different vantage points of a landscape there is always on true outcome the present giving time a personality and the ability to ridicule. This relates to â€Å"after a journey† where   Time is personified â€Å"despite Time's derision† time is given a character that in a way as if to taunt Hardy for wanting so mu ch to access old layers of time . Emphasising that time has the ultimate power and control and can not be completely defied

Shakespeares presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice Essays

Shakespeares presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice Essays Shakespeares presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice Paper Shakespeares presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice Paper Essay Topic: Merchant Of Venice Play Shylock the infamous money-lender in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice, is a complex character and far more than a caricature of a Jewish villain. In Elizabethan times Jews were often discriminated against because of their faith and beliefs. It was accepted for Christians to discriminate against Jews. Anti Semitism was based on religious events. The medieval myth that Jews needed to kill young boys once a year to reinact the death of Christ and use the blood for the making of unleaven bread, had its roots from the biblical account of the massacre of the innocents, which King Herod carried out because he was terrified of being overthrown as the King of Judea by the infant Christ. Many however, also believed that if Jews converted to Christianity, all of their sins would be forgiven and they would be accepted into the arms of the Christian God. It was widely believed that Jews were responsible for the execution of Christ and so they were believed to be working with the devil. Although Jews were not allowed to own property, they were often prosperous business and engaged in money-lending, which Elizabethan Christians were not allowed to do. All the prejudices that people had concerning Jews prompted them to become portrayed as evil villains of Elizabethan dramas. At the time The Merchant of Venice was written, the Jew had become the character that the Elizabethan audience loved to hate; so Shakespeare may have seen an opportunity to make money and included Shylock as the villainous Jew in his play. Another example of a Jew being used as a villain in an Elizabethan drama is, The Jew of Malta or The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Jew of Malta, written by Christopher Marlowe. In this play, Barabas carries out many immoral actions and is often unfavorably compared to other men of different faiths. Shylock is first recognised as a typical Jewish villain, when he reveals to the audience (out of earshot from Antonio and Bassanio) his ambition, If I can catch him once upon the hip, / I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. Shylocks statement is sinister and twisted and gives the audience the feeling that all Shylock is out to do is to ruin Antonio. Shylock later discloses the reason why he wishes for Antonio to be caught in a weak spot is because he is a Christian and a threat to Shylocks business as Antonio loans money out to his friends without charging interest. This shows quite a negative attitude towards Antonio and Christians. The reference to an ancient grudge could also represent the treatment of Jews through the ages by Christians in general. Perhaps Shylock is taking out his anger on Antonio, to avenge the way he has been treated by Christians throughout his life. The fact that Antonio spat at Shylock would have given the concept of revenge a personal edge. Another point in the play where Shakespeare depicts Shylock as the typical Jewish rogue is when he reveals the bond, which Antonio must sign, to borrow three thousand ducats. Be nominated for an equal pound / Of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken / In what part of your body pleaseth me. This creates a sense of hatred within the audience towards Shylock, as this is a despicable idea. This is also an action of a typical Jewish villain as Elizabethans believed that Jews were bloodthirsty from what they had read in the Bible. So, Shylocks desire to draw his victims blood is a stereotypical action of a Jewish villain by Elizabethan standards. Shylock is using Antonios need to borrow money as an opportunity for revenge to perhaps feed fat the ancient grudge he has for him. Most characters who comment on Shylock in the play only present him as a villain and see him as nothing else. When Jessica speaks of Shylock, her father, she doesnt mention anything about loving him but she says she is ashamed of him, To be ashamed to be my fathers child! To be ashamed of your own parents is an unfortunate position to be in. This shows how detestable Shylock is as he is despised by his own daughter. The reason for Jessica to be ashamed of her father maybe the fact that she dislikes the way he conducts business. I am not his manners. This suggests that Jessica may know about the bond Shylock has made with Antonio and feels disgusted at her fathers behavior. This is probably the last straw for Jessica and this may be why she decides to leave home and start a new life with a Christian, perhaps to fit in with society. At this point the audience would empathise with Jessica as no one would want to hear that their father conducts his business in a particularly threatenin g and vengeful manner. It is obvious that father and daughter are not emotionally close as he is more worried about the money and jewels that Jessica took with her than about her well being. When Tubal returns with the news that he has not found where she is the first thing that Shylock says, A diamond gone cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfurt! This remark shows clearly that Shylocks mind appears to focus exclusively on mercenary matters. He is not concerned about his daughters welfare but is very concerned about his missing money. At this point the audience probably realise that Jessica has made a lucky escape from her selfish and unloving father. Shylock receives more hatred from the audience and they probably see him to deserve to lose everything at the end as he really is a cold man and all he cares for is his fortune. Shylock is such a bitter man that he wishes Jessica was dead, I would my daughter dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear: would and the ducats in her coffin. The wish of his daughters death emphasises just how bitter and twisted Shylock actually is. The ducats in her coffin. This shows that Shylock doesnt really care for anything or anyone else in his life apart from himself, his money and getting revenge on Antonio. Lancelot Gobbo, Shylocks servant, dislikes Shylock for the reason that he is not paid fairly and he also believes that he would become a Jew if he served Shylock any further. Lancelot says to Bassanio about Shylock, you have the grace of God, sir, and he hath / enough. This shows that Lancelot also believes that only Christians have the ability to have the blessing of God and perhaps that Jews will go hell because they are sinning by being Jewish and not Christian. Salarino and Solanio, Christian friends of Antonio, dont think very highly of Shylock as Solanio says, Let me say amen betimes, lest the devil cross my prayer, for here he comes in the likeness of a Jew. Here Shakespeare causes the audience to think about how much hatred someone must have for another in order to call them the devil. This is a horrible insult as it implies Shylock is an evil person and makes the audience feel more loathing towards him. They would agree with Solanio that only someone wicked could think of such a despicable thing as the bond Shylock has made with Antonio. The reference to the devil would have been even more of an insult in Elizabethan times as hell and the devil were taken literally in those days. They believed that the devil was an active evil which was out to corrupt honest people. So for people to think of Shylock as the devil is a massive insult. Not only is Solanio insulting Shylock but he is also insulting the whole Jewish community, here he comes in the likeness of a Jew. This could be interpreted in the way that Solanio may be saying that all Jews are in the image of the devil this could be very insulting to the Jewish community as in those day the term the devil was taken in a very literal way. There are three points in the play however, where Shakespeare attempts to extract as much sympathy as possible for Shylock, from the audience. The first point in the play the audience may start to feel sympathy for Shylock is in his Hath a dog money? speech in Act one Scene three. In this speech, Shakespeare depicts Shylock as the victim of Antonios vicious hatred towards him. The repetition of dog throughout the speech shows the harshness of Antonios treatment of Shylock; And foot me as you spurn a stranger cur At this point the audience might feel a great sympathy for Shylock as no one can imagine how it must feel to be treated as a stray dog. Shakespeare shows how much Shylock loathes this treatment as he carries on repeating the term dog throughout the famous speech. This would encourage the audience to understand Shylocks feelings and try to see the situation from his point of view. Antonio humiliates Shylock in public, In the Rialto you have rated me / About my monies and my usances. Antonio curses Shylock in the street just because he earns a living by charging interest on money he loans out. This again shows that Shylock has been victimised for something we would consider minor and way in which he earns money. From an audiences perspective in Elizabethan times this would probably be accepted as it was against a Christians morals to be involved in this kind of business. Today, however, the behavior which Antonio has displayed would be highly unacceptable as the way in which someone earns money has nothing to do with anyone else. The audience would be led to sympathise further with Shylock when he reveals the awful things that Antonio said to him the past, You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, and spit upon my Jewish gabardine. The language that Antonio is claimed to have used is vindictive and bitter; it is also extremely cutting. This creates a sense of awkwardness within the audience hearing about Antonios racist language. The term cut-throat dog shows just how merciless and unscrupulous Shylock is; it also suggests someone who is at their lowest ebb. It can also be seen as an extremely vicious dog that cuts people throat it almost resembles a wolf. Shakespeare may have intended to show Shylock as the victim of harsh racial abuse. Antonio treats Shylock with absolute disdain as Shylock keeps repeating cur, so this shows that Antonio actually hates Shylock. A further point in the play where the audience is made to feel sympathy for Shylock is in his Hath not Jew? speech in Act three Scene one. It is debatable as to whether Shakespeare is trying to poke fun at Shylock in this speech. However, I believe Shakespeare is genuinely trying to create a feeling of compassion towards Shylock. For an Elizabethan audience, the speech would cause them to contemplate how they treat Jews when Shylock explains that they are basically the same as everyone else, I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Shylock is desperately trying to seek acceptance from the people around him. This would create a great sense of sadness for Shylock as he is only trying to live his life just like everyone else. Shakespeare writes Shylocks speech as if he is pleading with Salarino to stop treating him as if he is something other than a human being. Perhaps Shakespeare is using Shylock as the voice of the Jewish community talking to the Christian community. This makes the audience sympathise with Shylock and see that it is wrong for someone to have to plead with others to recognise their humanity. Shylock is putting the point across that he is only behaving in the way that he has been treated. This speech produces the maximum amount of sympathy from the audience as Shylock says all this to Solanio and Salarino after he has heard that his daughter, Jessica has runaway. The audience would probably feel disgust for Salarino and Solanio as they taunt Shylock when he is at his lowest. The last point when the audience may feel that Shylock is a victim is near the end of the play when he leaves court a broken man after losing his money and his faith. Antonio insists, He presently become a Christian. Shylock no longer has anything to live for he has lost his family, his wealth and now his faith. The audience can only imagine how it feels to have your beliefs forced upon you. The final feeling the audience would have of Shylock is sympathy as he promptly leaves the play never to be heard of again by the audience. This links in to an earlier point which I made, that in Elizabethan times where Christians actually believed that if you were anything other than a Christian you would go to hell. So perhaps Antonio was actually trying to save Shylock from hell. Shakespeare does present Jews in a sympathetic light and proves he is not being simply racist by the two most well known speeches in the play. I think Shakespeare uses Shylock as a Jewish villain as it was a great seller in that period of time to have a Jewish character which the Elizabethan audience loved to hate. However, Shakespeare does attempt to challenge the stereotype throughout the play as he uses Shylocks Hath a Jew? speech as a challenge to the treatment of Jews. Mostly I think Shakespeare was more interested in earning money than being racist and anti-Semitic towards Jews. Overall, I think that Shakespeare intends to present Shylock as a villain but he also shows his human side which perhaps explains why Shylock acts the way he does. I believe that Shylock received his just desserts at the end of the play as he was prepared to kill a man just for revenge. Although Shylock was driven to this by abuse, he could have shown his human side and acted as the better man. The fact that Shylock even thought of such a bond proves he is a villain through and through. Reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Great#Herod_in_the_New_Testament

Definition and Examples of Epilogues

Definition and Examples of Epilogues An epilogue is a concluding section of (or a postscript to) a speech or literary work. Also called a  recapitulation, an afterword, or an envoi. Though usually short, an epilogue may be as long as an entire chapter in a book. Aristotle, in discussing the arrangement of a speech, reminds us that the epilogue is not essential even to a forensic speechas when the speech is short or the matter easy to remember; for the advantage of epilogue is abridgement (Rhetoric). The etymology is  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹from the Greek, conclusion of a speech. Epilogue to Animal House Readers are often curious about what happens to the characters after the narrative ends. An epilogue satisfies this curiosity, leaving the reader informed and fulfilled. . . .[T]here is the infamous epilogue of the movie Animal House, in which stop-action frames of the characters contain comic captions describing what happened to them. So the gross-out king, John Blutarsky, becomes a United States senator; and the make-out king, Eric Stratton, becomes a Beverly Hills gynecologist. The desire to know more about characters after the natural ending of a narrative is not a critique of the story, but a compliment to the writer.(Roy Peter Clark, Help! for Writers: 210 Solutions to the Problems Every Writer Faces. Little, Brown and Company, 2011) Nicolaus on the Function of Epilogues in Classical Rhetoric (5th century A.D.) [A]n epilogue is a discourse that leads itself back upon demonstrations that have been said beforehand, encompassing a collecting of matters, characters, and emotions, and its task consists also of this, says Plato, at last to remind the listeners of the things that have been said [Phaedrus 267D].(Nicolaus, Progymnasmata. Readings From Classical Rhetoric, ed. by Patricia P. Matsen, Philip Rollinson, and Marion Sousa. Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1990) Commentary An epilogue is where the author can be expected to wax philosophical. Here, for example, I might tell you that better listening not only transforms personal and professional relationships (which it does) but can also bring understanding across the gender gap, the racial divide, between rich and poor, and even among nations. All that is true, but if Im going to indulge in the unearned right to preach, maybe I should confine myself to matters closer to home. . . .(Michael P. Nichols, The Lost Art of Listening: How Learning to Listen Can Improve Relationships, 2nd ed. Guilford Press, 2009) Rosalinds Epilogue in As You Like It It is not the fashion to see the lady the epilogue; but it is no more unhandsome than to see the lord the prologue. If it be true, that good wine needs no bush, tis true that a good play needs no epilogue. Yet to good wine they do use good bushes; and good plavs prove the better by the help of good epilogues. What a case am I in then, that am neither a good epilogue, nor cannot insinuate with you in the behalf of a good play? I am not furnished like a beggar, therefore to beg will not become me: my way is, to conjure you; and Ill begin with the women. I charge you, О women, for the love you bear to men, to like as much of this play as please you; and I charge you, О men, for the love you bear to women (Ð °Ã · I perceive, by your simpering, none of you hate them) that between you and the women the play may please. If I were a woman, I would kiss as many of you as had beards that pleased me, complexions that liked me, and breaths that I defied not: and I am sure, as many as hav e good beards, or good faces, or sweet breaths, will, for my kind offer, when I make curtsy, bid me farewell.(William Shakespeare, As You Like It) Prosperos Epilogue in The Tempest Now my charms are all oerthrown,And what strength I haves mine own,Which is most faint: now, tis true,I must be here confind by you,Or sent to Naples. Let me not,Since I have my dukedom gotAnd pardond the deceiver, dwellIn this bare island by your spell;But release me from my bandsWith the help of your good hands.Gentle breath of yours my sailsMust fill, or else my project fails,Which was to please. Now I wantSpirits to enforce, art to enchant;And my ending is despair,Unless I be relievd by prayer,Which pierces so that it assaultsMercy itself, and frees all faults.As you from crimes would pardond be,Let your indulgence set me free.(William Shakespeare, The Tempest) Further Reading ConclusionDenouementHow to Borrow Money, by Stephen LeacockParts of a SpeechPeroration

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Strategic management - Essay Example Aims of an organization. The way by which an organization can serve its clients, suppliers, distributers, shareholders and other stakeholders. Present organization’s situation in terms of explaining their business segment. It can include the declaration of organization’s core purpose of existing. Sense of Mission Sense of Mission creates a strong behaviour among the individuals so that they can fulfil their Mission of life. Creating the â€Å"Sense of Mission† is not creating the purpose only but it helps to achieve the purpose. â€Å"Sense of Mission† is a very important marketing principle. It states that an organization must define its mission in such a way that it should not only focus on their product and profit. They should focus on the broader social concept rather than the mere product orientation. The new generation managers are trained with a sense of social responsibility and they have a passion for achieving of bigger causes. Corporate Social R esponsibility Every organization has some obligations towards its society in which it operates. Every organization should take some initiatives to work for the environment. CSR is the contribution of an organization to the society. Corporate Social responsibility means sustaining the equilibrium between economic welfare of the organization with the social welfare. The trade off between two components can provide a balance sustainable growth for the organization. Many companies are engaged in serving the society through their corporate social responsibility. Following ethics and serving responsibility towards its society is an important part of the today’s business. For this analysis, Pepsi-Co organization has been chosen. Pepsi Co Ins. Is a multinational food and beverage company headquarter is in New York, USA. They are in the manufacturing, distribution and marketing of food items and beverages and other products also. PepsiCo started its business after the merger of Pepsi- Coca and Frito-Lay. Now PepsiCo has expanded their business in many dimensions. In 2012, Pepsi-Co was able to generate more than $1 billion of retail sales. PepsiCo is the second largest food and beverage company in the World. The Mission of Pepsi-Co is to be the World’s premier consumer products in foods and beverages. Their Mission is to serve financial benefits to its investors, the opportunities for growth to their employees, business partners, other stakeholders and the society in which they operate. They want to achieve this mission in the right ethical way with honesty and transparency. PepsiCo has a strong sense of mission also. Their sense of mission states that they are not focusing on the product orientation, they focus on Customer orientation. They emphasise on satisfaction of the customers. The focus of achievement is very strong. Not only the customization but also they believe that serving customers consistently and efficiently can create a stable customer rela tionship management. Retaining customers sometimes causes a conflict between its short term objectives. Pepsi-Co‘s sense of mission says that they are not in the business for profit purpose only but their goal is to serve people (Randall, 2008, p.45). Objectives including CSR: Pepsi-Co supports continual growth of shareholders. Their objective is to use best class design for packaging. Meets value, cost and performance criteria for customer satisfaction. Maintaining hygiene standards. Strives for least environmental footprint. Pepsi-Co strives for

Physics assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Physics - Assignment Example There are certain standards set as to assert the safety standard of any nuclear power plant. The organization that regulates the policies around the globe is known as IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). This organization has set a certain benchmark; which are actually, major concerns of a nuclear reactor in any country of the world. Some on the concerns are: 1. Testing of emergency situations, if and when they happen. 2. Equipment and actions to adhere the consequences of such an emergency. 3. Probability calculations of units failing and their back-ups. 4. Examining the worst possible scenario and creating an emergency plan accordingly. 5. Actions taken, in the event of radiation emissions form the plant. 6. Proper training of the men working in these facilities. 7. Anti-earth quake and anti-flood systems, which have to be, installed (Hugh, 2011). Question 2 There are three types of radiation particles namely alpha, beta and gamma particle radiations. Alpha radiations have be en defined as helium nuclei, comprising of two protons and two neutrons. It is considered to be very stable. Beta radiations have been defined as fast moving electrons formed by nuclear decay, whereas gamma radiations are known to be high frequency, short wavelength electromagnetic radiation (Cheng et al, 2000). All three of these radiations have certain benefits and disadvantages. The disadvantage of alpha particle is that when it in inhaled, can cause damage to lungs and the respiratory system. Beta rays cause disorder in the molecular structure of humans, whereas gamma rays can directly damage the human tissue, since they are very high energy rays. Along with these disadvantages, there are some benefits as well. Alpha particles are used to detect smoke for engaging a fire alarm or water sprinkler. Beta particles are used to find thickness of aluminum foil, its variables and capable of treating cancer patients as well. Gamma radiations are used to locate flaws in pipes, other stee l products for leaks and the integrity of welds in them (Cheng et al, 2000). Medical benefits of radiations can be seen in the use of x-rays and treatment of cancer, whereas non-medical use of radiation can be seen in industries, for detection of leaks and welding faults in different metal mediums. Also for non-medical use, the rays are used for inspection on the production line to check emptiness or the thickness of materials like aluminum. (Cheng et al, 2000). Question 3 Apart from nuclear power, there are other ways to produce energy like hydroelectric, fossil fuel burning, solar and wind power. All these methods have a lot of advantages and disadvantages. Some of them will be depicted here. Hydroelectric power is free of cost, as water flow is easily available all around the world but the drawback is the amount of expenditure involved to build dams and huge water turbines. Furthermore, the environmental hazard for hydroelectric power generation is the disturbance of the ecologic al habitat of the aquatic life in the region. Fossil fuel is the best form of energy as it provides predictable and a constant power source but the major drawback falters this form of energy. It is the fossil fuel that is not a reusable or renewable source and is becoming scarce from the world at a very rapid rate. Solar and wind power both have almost the same kind of advantage and disadvantage. The setup for both is very expensive and is unpredictable in nature but the best advantage of these sources of power is

Music Festival Campaign at Montgomery Social Hall Essay - 7

Music Festival Campaign at Montgomery Social Hall - Essay Example The reason why we settled on the model is because of it elaborateness in listing the ten stages while elaborately explaining them. Analysis being the very first step that is listed by Gregory is very important (Gregory, 2000). The gives room for the analysis of the analysis and definition of the problem. In undertaking the analysis will enable the campaign to have a good grounding upon which several activities will be conducted logically thereby resulting in a successful campaign. In the case of this extravaganza we used we employed the use of secondary research methods and other researched external information (Gordon, 2011). Secondary research therefore helped us to establish some of the facts the support the theme of our music festival. Most of the research conducted towards seeking to establish an understanding of the importance of music in human life. Research indicates a lot of positives about music while leaving room for future researchers to perhaps establish the negative part of it. According to the researchers music is a language spoken and understood by different parties despite not fathoming the meanings of the words or even understanding the language being used. Research has also established that music is therapeutic and it relieves off stress that one might have been subjected to during the course of work or duty. Further, due to the captivating and as well as lulling voices of singers and the instruments, music has been established.

Music Therapy for Children With Learning Disabilities

Music Therapy for Children With Learning Disabilities Music therapy: A psychotherapy for the well being of children with learning disabilities Zahra Sultan Somani Music is an inbuilt piece of every culture. The impact of music in children’s lives may be demonstrated through children’s literature in different languages, through lullabies and traditional plays (Dastgheib et al. , 2013). In my opinion, music therapy plays a pivotal role in shaping different domains of the personality. â€Å"Music therapy is the prescribed use of music by a board-certified person to effect positive changes in the psychological, physical, cognitive, or social functioning of individuals with health or educational problems. †(Barksdale, 2003). (Gilroy Lee 1995). Layman (1999) states that music therapy is the controlled use of music with the objective of helping people to overcome their problems. Whereas Bruscia (1987), suggests that music therapy involves the use of organized music in the development of the client–therapist relationship to promote the physical, mental, social and emotional well-being of the client. (Savarimuthu Bunnell, 2002) The various types of music therapy activities consist of either playing songs or improvisational music (i. e. , spontaneous music making). During my mental health clinical rotation, I visited â€Å"Ma Ayesha Memorial Hospital† where I encountered many children with developmental and learning disabilities. They were being taught music in their school curriculum. The students took an active part in the singing, instrument playing and were clapping as well. they all were happy and learning via the therapy. This experience propelled me to take up this topic in order to understand how music affects children with learning disabilities, how it shapes one’s life towards betterment. There are some questions running in my head: what is the philosophy behind music therapies, how these therapies brings in change? The paper is Organized in the following sections: (1) Background of music (2) Music therapy Approaches (3) importance of music (4)impact of music therapy and its contributions(5)recommendations for the implications Background The development of music therapy as a profession has continued since the power of music as a universal means of communication was first discovered in ancient times. In literature ranging from that of the Egyptians and Greeks to that of the present day, the power of music is evident. The shaman or medicine man in many cultures used music directly in healing and was aware of its curative powers long before the advent of the profession of music therapy. In classical Greece, Pythagoras described the healthful properties of specific musical intervals and modes to promote health. Plato’s Laws, a work that contains a description of music and movement as a prescription for restoring health and harmony, drew associations between music and the moral welfare of the nation. (Barksdale, 2003). Music Therapy Approaches Major approaches to music therapy include analytical psychology theory and classical conditioning theory. Analytical psychology theory is given by Carl Jung. According to Jung, the aim of any therapy should be one of the realizations of the authentic self, or making one’s issues conscious where they were once unconscious. By dealing with these issues, one reveals the true self residing underneath the once unconscious issue. Music therapy can therefore be seen as sharing the same goals as the Jungian model of psychotherapy and musical preference, using music to express unconscious or inexpressible emotions (McClary 2007). Pavlov’s behavioural concept of classical conditioning suggests that a preferred song or piece, if paired with a neutral product will produce a positive, or negative association between the two stimuli (Zander 2006). So, when a positive piece of music is amalgamated with positive object, the result will be posiitiive or depending how the client perceives it. The concept of music and its therapeutic effects are dated eons of years back, its gaining the limelight lately for 10-20 years in the field of health and in specific for learning diabilities. Though many children are termed as slow learners, but the prevalent cases are not much reported in specific. The former Lahore High Court judge and noted women’s and child rights activistNasiraIqbal stated that 1. 8 million Pakistanis had learning disabilities, of which 0. 5 million lived in urban and 1. 3 million in rural areas. (The Express Tribune, 2013). Importance of music . Plato has beautifully described music as â€Å"Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, and life to everything. Without music, life would be an error. † Music is a way of life. It brings calmness in the mood. Not only humans, but birds, animals are capable to understand the melodies. I believe music plays an integral part in a child’s growth. it gives a sense of upliftment and binds the children altogether. The department of education, UK, also agrees to it that music plays a pivotal role in the development of children. Children’s participation in music connects children, boosting their self esteem, and gets the most out of their improvement in education and not merely in music. (Department of Education, 2011) Many Researches have exhibited a direct relation between music and improvement in reading abilities in children It illustrates that children who were guided with a certain type of music instruction had better skills of comprehending the reading material as compared to those who were not given instructions. (Department of Education, 2011) Straum (n. d. ) states that music can be used as a tool to encourage human development in cognitive, learning, perceptual, motor, social and emotional development. (Sze Yu, 2004) The impact of music therapy: Music therapy is a way to connect to one’s emotional side as well to increase memory and attention span. â€Å"It aids to achieve individual ambitions in assistance with a licensed professional. † (American Music Therapy Association, 2007). It is a nonverbal and verbal processing along with physical activities (e. g. Playing instruments) for expressing feelings by provoking unconscious psyche of an individual. (Erkkilà ¤ et al, 2011 Malchiodi2005). Today music has gained significant recognitionin many different clinical settings and is playing an important part in the field of learning disabilities (Dimond 1998), especially with people who have severe and profound disabilities. (SavarimuthuBunnell, 2002) In my opinion, the positive points of music therapy are unlimited and it’s currently being used in different health sectors. According to Dastgheib et al. , 2013, studies have reported many benefits of music therapy in managing different diseases, particularly in disorders related to the central nervous system. Widespread research has studied the impact of music on the brain and its role in neural cell growth. The process of music interpretation in the human brain is very similar to that of language processing. Indeed, many language areas overlap with those of music. Music can offer people with learning disabilities an environment in which they can develop and expand their social, cognitive and physical skills and improve their life (MacDonald et al. 1999) and in which they can learn to build a sound rapport with others and enjoy healthy behaviour (Alvin Warwick 1994). Personally, I believe in order toavail benefits from the therapy, clients needs to be motivated and requires to take part in therapy to the fullest. The mentioned authors also agrees to my view point. Both the involvement of Bunnell (1997) and Holford (1999) with clients with learning disabilities suggests that active participation can make music therapy more interesting and successful. They believe that clients should be encouraged to participate in music making as it promotes self-esteem and confidence. Music integration provides children with concrete, hands-on experiences that are essential to developing each The child’s ability to reason, think, solve problems, analyze, evaluate, and to enhancing creativity (Houchens, 1983). Music has a direct effect on speech and communication portion of the brain. It assists in differentiating sounds. Also, it has a major effect in communicating information and in budding an understanding of language patterns. in regard to cognitive and academic, music helps in generating and memorizing mnemonics to teach specific academic information such as a address, telephone number etc . music therapy also have a positive impact in the progress of hand-eye coordination and gross and fine motor skills by playing an instrument. In the social sector, music therapy is proved to be a motivating agent. It instills the concept of group work and each group member contribute an idea or word to a song in song writing. In this manner , music is being utilized to create a bonding where the child can enhance their self-esteem with other peers. (The music therapy center of California, 2005) On the other hand, musical intervention may have a negative impact on clients. One example is when the client is attached to a particular piece of music and rejects what the facilitator offers. Another example is when a client displaysinappropriatebehaviour, which does not allow the aims and objectives of the musical intervention to be met, and which hinders therapeuticcontact with the facilitator (Schalkwijk 1994). Insuch cases, music based interventions should beceased, but reintroduced at a later phasewhen the client is receptive to collaborate with the facilitator. The age and culture of clients are key factors, which needs to be considered for their choice of music may differ. Past experiences can also be set off by specific music where clients may feel distress. Evidence also suggests that music associated with violent lyrics such as ‘heavy metal’ can have a negative impact on clients (McCraty et al. 1998). Strategies/Recommendations There are certain interventions that must be done at all three levels, i. e. local, national and international level to cater different domains of learning by applying music therapy and achieve progress. As a student nurse and responsible citizen of society, it is my duty to help and guide people in the effective use of music therapy in dealing with people with learning disabilities. Firstly, it is essential to devise a method whereby it is possible to measure small changes which can be tailored to each individual (Oldfield Adams 1995). This would help to detect very small changes in behaviour. Secondly, it is also important to accept that change may take a long time to occur so the facilitator must not lose hope and discontinue the intervention. Difficulty can also arise when observing and interpreting the response of clients to sound or music (Alvin Warwick 1994). This exercise may become easier after a few sessions with the clients where the responses are identified and understo od. This can be done by teaching individuals or families in particular schools, colleges and university, hospital for instance, in Maa Ayesha; music therapy is being used for children with learning disabilities. While at national and international levels, attention should be given on providing awareness to people regarding the use of music therapy. People should be encouraged to listen and learn music. Furthermore, different courses for music therapies should be introduced at institutional level and certain policies could be made to enhance the productivity and benefits from the therapy. at the governmental level, music therapist career option and courses could be out. . According to Fatima (2013), clinical Psychologist Qudsia Mahmoud states that the Pakistani population lacks the awareness about the significance of music therapy. Fatima (2013) cited Mr. Sohail Khan as he had established Music therapy center in Karachi, Pakistan and has widely worked on â€Å"The Prism Project, A M ultidimensional Approach to Music in Education†. The field of music is vital and holds its own importance, yet it remains unexplored in Psychotherapy. Music and art plays a pivotal role in shaping children’s lives, especially those with learning disabilities. There is a very close knitted affiliation between music therapy and the recovery of children with learning disabilities. There is an urgent need to initiate music therapies in hospitals in Pakistan, to enhance understanding of these professional caretakers to help patients overcome the disabilities in a fun and learning environment. Also, there is a need to include it nursing education, as foremost priority, as being a nurse who is in close contact with patients’ needs to know about therapies in order to enhance the productivity of patients and help them in recovery at a faster pace. References Barksdale, A. (2003). Music therapy and leisure for persons with disabilities (1st ed. ). Champaign, IL: Sagamore Pub. Bushra Fatima, B. F. , 1st December, 2013. Health Music Therapy – What is it and How to get it  in? Blush, retrieved from: http://blush. com. pk/music-therapy-in-pakistan Cathy. A. Malchiodi, C. A. M. , (2005). History, Theory, and Practice. In: Cathy A. Malchiodi (Ed), Expressive Therapies. 1st Ed. New York: Guilford Publications. Pp. 1-15. Darren Henley, D. H. , (2012). The importance of music: A national plan for music education. 1st ed. England Dastgheib, S. , Riyassi, M. , Anvari, M. , Niknejad, H. , Hoseini, M. , Rajati, M. , Ghasemi, M. (2013). Music Training Program: A Method Based on Language Development and Principles of Neuroscience to Optimize Speech and Language Skills in Hearing-Impaired Children. Iranian Journal Of Otorhinolaryngology, 25(71), 91. David Butler, D. B. , (01 October 1982). Music Theory, Theories of Music, and Systematic Musicology. Journal of the collage music society. 22, pp. 1-15, Retrieved from: http://symposium. music. org/index. php?option=com_k2view=itemid=1933:music-theory-theories-of-music-and-systematic-musicologyItemid=124 Department of Education, . (2011). The Importance of Music A National Plan for Music Education. Crown. Freilich, R. , Shechtman, Z. (2010). The contribution of art therapy to the social, emotional, and academic adjustment of children with learning disabilities. The Arts In Psychotherapy, 37(2), 97-105. doi:10. 1016/j. aip. 2010. 02. 003 JaakkoErkkilà ¤, J. K. , Marko Punkanen, M. P. , Jà ¶rgFachner, J. F. , EsaAla-Ruona, E. A. R. , Inga Pà ¶ntià ¶, I. P. , Mari Tervaniemi, M. T. , MaunoVanhala M. V. , Christian Gold C. G. , (2011). Individual music therapy for depression: randomized controlled trial. The British journal of Psychiatry. 199, pp. 132-139 Savarimuthu, D. , Bunnell, T. (2002). The effects of music on clients with learning disabilities: a literature review. Complementary Therapies In Nursing And Midwifery, 8(3), 160-165. doi:10. 1054/ctnm. 2001. 0629 Shafron, G. (2010). The Science and Psychology Behind Music and Emotion. Journal Of Young Investigators. Sze, S. , Yu, S. (2004). Effect of music therapy on children with learning disabilities. In Proceedings of the 8th international on music perception and cognition. Austraila: Adelaide. The music therapy center of California. (2005). Retrieved 29 August 2014, from http://www. themusictherapycenter. com/. . . /factsheets/mtcca_learningdisabilities. www. musictherapy. org, . (2007). American Music Therapy Association. Retrieved from http://www. musictherapy. org/assets/1/7/bib_psychopathology. pdf. The Express Tribune, . (2013). Dyslexia. Retrieved from: http://tribune. com. pk/story/578452/workshop-1-8-million-affected-by-learning-disabilities/